![]() Severe defects may require surgical repair during the first year of life. Murmurs are whooshing sounds that are a common finding in heart defects. It can be due to genetic factors or exposure to infections, certain medications, toxins, etc. Mild to severe congenital heart defects are seen in newborns.Ībnormal or incomplete development of the heart during fetal development is the cause of congenital heart defects. Nine in every 1,000 babies born in the United States have a congenital heart anomaly (13). Congenital heart defectsĬongenital heart defects (CHD) include various structural abnormalities of the heart or great vessels present at birth. Heart and cardiovascular diseases can occur when the heart and circulatory system are not performing as they should (11) (12). ![]() Problems Of The Circulatory System In ChildrenĬhildren may have a cardiovascular disease from an early age. Murmurs are sounds created by the turbulence of blood flow in the heart, which can be in any phase depending on the cause (10). This is usually heard in the late diastolic phase when the compliance of the ventricle is less. The fourth heart sound (S4) is an abnormal sound due to atrial contraction. The S2 is often heard as a split sound due to the pressure variance in the right and left ventricles and often splits based on the inspiration or expiration (10).Ĭhildren may have a normal third heart sound (S3), which is the ventricular filling sound in the early diastole when there is a transition from rapid to slow filling (10). This is the closing sound of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary valves). The second heart sound (S2) is heard at the beginning of the diastole. The first heart sound (S1) is heard when the atrioventricular valves close during the systole. Heart sound can be heard using a stethoscope. During this phase, the atrioventricular valves remain open to fill the blood.Īny functional or structural problems of the valves or nodes can result in cardiac problems, leading to the deficiency of enough oxygen in the body. ![]()
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